Peritoneal dialysis should be the treatment of choice in neonates

Peritoneal dialysis should be the treatment of choice in neonates with AKI and hypernatremic dehydration who do not respond to appropriate medical treatment.”
“We have used a Q-switched Nd:YVO4, diode pumped 532 nm laser with nanosecond pulses, and a spot diameter of 40 mu m to ablate a layer of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO2 on n-type Cz silicon, with the Selleck AZD1208 aim of making local contact openings on back-junction silicon solar cells. Laser pulses within the ns range are usually believed to be incompatible with processing of high efficiency solar cells because such long

pulses induce too much damage into the underlying silicon lattice. This is due to thermal dissipation. In this work, a PECVD layer of a-Si:H between the n-type

silicon and the dielectric layer is shown to absorb much of the laser radiation and allows for APR-246 ic50 ablation at laser fluences lower than the ablation threshold of crystalline silicon. In addition, the a-Si:H layer serves as an excellent surface passivation layer for the silicon substrate. We show that it is possible to ablate PECVD SiO2 in a damage free way with fluences five times lower than those needed to ablate crystalline Si. Our results are verified experimentally with high resolution transmission electron microscopy of the crystal structure in the laser irradiated areas, and quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements

of emitter saturation currents. In addition, we have simulated the energy transfer from a ns 532 nm Gaussian shaped laser beam to a SiO2 covered Si lattice with and without the a-Si:H buffer layer. A model that coincides very well with the experiments is found.”
“The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of preparing thermoplastic films from commercial GSK2245840 zein by film blowing technology. Zein, a cereal protein extracted from maize, was plasticized directly in the extruder, without the time-consuming and expensive solubilization step, usually utilized in literature for this material. Four different batches of zein were investigated, for it has been observed that properties such as the film-forming ability of natural polymers strongly depend on several factors such as sources, extraction, and drying conditions. Thermal, rheological, and macromolecular structural characteristics were evaluated for the different materials to establish a correlation among molecular structure, rheological behavior in uniaxial elongation, and film blowing processability. Results indicate that the best films were made by using thermoplasticized zein characterized with a pronounced strain hardening and a large content of alpha-helices. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Current data do not support that IUDs affect long-term fertility

Current data do not support that IUDs affect long-term fertility or increase sexually transmitted PX-478 manufacturer diseases in teens.

Summary

IUDs are now considered by many experts as a first-line contraceptive option for teens in the United States.”
“Dexmedetomidine (DEX) for sedation in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization (DICC) has been reported to require other

drugs or rescue drugs because of its insufficient sedative effect when used alone. We administered DEX and adjusted its dose according to the bispectral index (BIS) monitor (TM) for DICC in a toddler; consequently, a high dose of DEX had to be administered. The patient was a 1-year and 4-month-old boy who was scheduled to undergo DICC after intracardiac repair. We used DEX alone as the sedative because this was expected to avoid oxygen supply and mechanical ventilation and to produce a safe situation for procedures around the neck. DEX was administered at the dose of 1-15 mu g/kg/h according to BIS monitor (TM); administration of cardiovascular drugs or oxygen MAPK inhibitor supply or assist ventilation, except chin lift, were not needed. The maximum

predicted plasma concentration (pCp) of DEX and mean pCp were calculated as 6.1 and 4.1 ng/mL, respectively. A high dose of DEX may be required for DICC sedation, as for MRI sedation, in many cases. Although further studies should be conducted to reveal the merits and demerits of DEX in cardiac catheterization, a high dose of DEX may be useful in some cases.”
“This study was aimed to investigate the influence of grape cultivar on the lignocellulosic fractionation of grape-stalks. A four-step process (a washing treatment followed by an acid hydrolysis, a basic hydrolysis and, finally,

a basic bleaching) was applied to stalks obtained from six different red and white grape cultivars. The different stalks were compared in terms of chemical composition of raw material (moisture, ash, minerals, lipids, fiber, proteins and free sugars) and of the recovered fractions (washing, acid and basic liquors and Quisinostat inhibitor final cellulose residues). Recovery yields for free and hemicellulosic sugars, antioxidant compounds and cellulose were calculated. The cultivar significantly influenced all the investigated parameters, without characteristic performances between red and white cultivars. This result will need to be taken into account in the development of an optimized biorefinery approach for a large-scale exploitation of grape stalks. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review

Egg allergy is a common problem affecting young children especially. There has been much debate over the past several decades on how to approach the subject of influenza vaccination in children with egg allergy.

Knowledge of cardiac cephalgia is scarce, due to its rare clinica

Knowledge of cardiac cephalgia is scarce, due to its rare clinical occurrence and to the scant importance given to headache as a symptom concomitantly with an ischaemic cardiac event.”
“Potato Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor (PKCI-23) was isolated from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Zhukov’s Jubilee) and purified to a homogenous state. The protein was purified by gel-filtration chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography using Sephadex G-75 and CM-sepharose CL-6B, respectively. PKCI-23 protein has been shown to inhibit both chymotrypsin and trypsin with equal

efficacy, forming equimolar complexes with these enzymes. However, much weaker inhibitory effect of PKCI-23 has been observed for subtilisin Selleck Screening Library Carlsberg. The N-terminal 20 amino acid sequence of PKCI-23 has been sequenced. PKCI-23 has been shown to suppress, with different efficacy, the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. and Phytophtora infestans (Mont.) de Bary that infect potato.”
“Objective/background: The influence of contralateral selleck chemicals carotid occlusion (CCO) on the outcome of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and stenting (CAS) is debated. This study aims to evaluate CEA and CAS results in patients with CCO.

Methods: All carotid revascularizations from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed, focusing on the role of CCO on 30-day cerebral events and death (CED). A meta-analysis was performed to

evaluate the results of the literature by random effect.

Results: Of the 1,218 carotid revascularizations performed in our institution,

706 (57.9%) were CEA and 512 (42.1%) were CAS. CED occurred in 3.6% of the CEAs and 8.2% of the CASs (p = .001). CCO was present in 37 (5.2%) CEAs and 38 (7.4%) CASs. In CEA, CCO patients had a higher CED compared with the non-CCO patients (16.2% vs. 2.9%, p = .001), as confirmed by multiple regression VX-680 cost analysis (OR [odds ratio]: 5.1[1.7-14.5]). In CAS, CED was not significantly different in the CCO and non-CCO patients (2.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.23). The comparative analysis of the CCO patients showed a higher CED in CEA compared with that in CAS (16.2% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.04). Meta-analysis of 33 papers (27 on CEA and 6 on CAS) revealed that CCO was associated with a higher CED in CEA, but not in CAS (OR: 1.82 [1.57-2.11]; OR: 1.22 [0.60-2.49], respectively).

Conclusion: CCO can be considered as a risk factor for CED in CEA, but not in CAS. CAS appears to be associated with lower CED than CEA in CCO patients. (C) 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We have investigated the cerebral activation centre in four patients with episodic cluster headache (CH) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (f-MRI). The patients underwent MRI scans for anatomical and functional data acquisition in the asymptomatic state, during a headache attack and after subcutaneous administration of sumatriptan.

We also allow for realistic nonradiative relaxation within the up

We also allow for realistic nonradiative relaxation within the upconverter. The system is modeled using a detailed balance approach, with the upconverter treated as a series connection of two small-bandgap solar cells and a large-bandgap light emitting diode. We demonstrate that significant improvements in efficiency are possible even for nonconcentrated light, as long as the upconverter includes a small nonradiative relaxation pathway. Furthermore, we show that the existence of a nonradiative relaxation event in the upconverter is necessary for improved power conversion when cell absorption efficiency Vorinostat mouse is low. Our results indicate that the efficiencies of both conventional-Si

and thin film photovoltaic cells

can be substantially improved with upconverting materials, even including non-idealities. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3610522]“
“In the last decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased Alisertib clinical trial in the Taiwanese population. This has the potential to impact on the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This study investigated trends in the changes in several indices of obesity in the last decade, and the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and these obesity indices available in Mei-Jaw Corporation health-screening data from 1996/1998 to 2006. Three cross-sectional surveys among healthy individuals ages 20-59 years, in which 14 362 subjects examined in year 1996, 17 368 in 1998, and 28 524 in 2006, were included in the analysis. Body weight and height data were available from 1996, whereas %body fat, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (Whratio) were only

available from 1998 onwards. We found that the association between systolic BP and body weight, body mass index, %body fat, Whratio and waist became stronger for EVP4593 both men and women in 2006 than 1996 after adjustment for age, education level, alcohol intake, smoking and betel nut chewing. In contrast, non-obese people seemed to have lower diastolic BP in 2006 than in 1996. This trend is consistent irrespective of the index of obesity used. Among healthy individuals, the average values for the obesity indices increased in men but remained similar in women. However, in both men and women, the relationship between obesity and BP has changed. Further research is required to investigate the impact of these intriguing changes in the associations on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Taiwanese population. Journal of Human Hypertension (2011) 25, 88-97; doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.33; published online 25 March 2010″
“Multidrug-resistant (MDR) – and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) – forms of tuberculosis are growing public health problems. Mathematical models predict that the future of the MDR and XDR tuberculosis epidemics depends in part on the competitive fitness of drug-resistant strains.

FAIMS can also be used to remove interfering ion species and to s

FAIMS can also be used to remove interfering ion species and to select peptide charge states optimal for

identification by tandem MS. Here, the authors review recent developments in LC-FAIMS-MS and its application to MS-based proteomics.”
“Objective: To present a summary of the existing literature on syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and to discuss AZD2014 ic50 the potential role of pharmacists in providing support for injection drug users (IDUs) and such programs.

Data sources: To identify relevant articles published since 2000, a search of PubMed and Medline was conducted using syringe exchange programs and needle exchange programs as search terms. A manual review of each article’s citation list was also conducted.

Data extraction: By the authors.

Data synthesis: GW3965 nmr Information is presented in four categories: state and federal support of SEPs, characteristics of SEP users, epidemiological studies, and social reluctance for SEP support. The information summarized in these sections is then used as

a foundation for a review of the potential role of the pharmacist.

Conclusion: SEPs have demonstrated a clear effect in improving the health outcomes of IDUs by decreasing the transmission of blood-borne disease and lowering high-risk injecting behaviors. Despite conflicting support for SEPs at both the federal and local levels, pharmacists can play a pivotal role JQ1 chemical structure in the health of IDUs by providing sound medical advice and, in some states, acting as an alternative channel for obtaining clean syringes. Efforts should continue to focus on educating pharmacists about this role and how their individual actions can benefit the

health of the entire population.”
“In a time frame of a few decades, protein identification went from laborious single protein identification to automated identification of entire proteomes. This shift was enabled by the emergence of peptide-centric, gel-free analyses, in particular the so-called shotgun approaches, which not only rely on extensive experiments, but also on cutting-edge data processing methods. The present review therefore provides an overview of a shotgun proteomics identification workflow, listing the state-of-the-art methods involved and software that implement these. The authors focus on freely available tools where possible. Finally, data analysis in the context of emerging across-omics studies will also be discussed briefly, where proteomics goes beyond merely delivering a list of protein accession numbers.”
“Objectives: To describe the pharmacist experience in emergency preparedness and response and to provide information and resources to help practitioners engage in this public health effort in their local communities.

Setting: Spokane, WA, health care community, 1998 through 2009.

The filters’ functional characteristics, such the resonant freque

The filters’ functional characteristics, such the resonant frequencies Selleck FK228 where the transmission minima occur, the free spectral range. the extinction ratio, and the minima linewidth associated with the quality factor of the resonances, arc investigated for different values of the key structural parameters. namely, the ring radius and the gap separating the bus waveguide from the ring. The rigorous 3D-FEM simulations are qualitatively complemented by it simplified model. Apart from the harmonic propagation simulations, the uncoupled

microring is treated as an eigenvalue problem, and the frequencies of the resonances are compared with those of the transmission minima. Furthermore, the possibility of exploiting the thermally tuned microring resonator filter as a switching element is explored. The shift in the transmission minima is quantified when the ring’s refractive index is altered by virtue of Ohmic heating, and in addition to that, the temporal response is assessed by solving the transient problem. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3256139]“
“Women undergoing InterStim implantation

for overactive bladder (OAB) or painful bladder syndrome (PBS) were prospectively evaluated to determine if neuromodulation has any effect on female sexual function (FSF).

Sexually active women in our InterStim database completed a female sexual function index (FSFI) preoperatively and at 6 months.

Of 105 women, 54 have 6-month follow-up data. Of these, 27 were sexually active preoperatively and at follow-up. buy OSI-744 The mean (standard deviation (SD)) FSFI improved from 18.7 (6.8) preoperatively to 21.0 (6.0) postoperatively; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.220). Subgroup analysis of patients with OAB revealed that mean (SD) FSFI preoperatively was 18.6 (8.0) and 22.4 (6.4) at 6 months (p = 0.257). In the

PBS group, mean (SD) FSFI was 18.8 (6.3) preoperatively and 18.7 (5.8) at 6 months (p = 0.98).

Neuromodulation does not significantly improve FSF in a heterogenous population. Additional studies are needed to confirm the findings in our study.”
“Objective Selleckchem GDC 0068 The objective was to assess the effectiveness of a volunteer-delivered tailored telephone-based intervention in reducing prevalence of unmet supportive care needs, elevated levels of anxiety and depression among people with colorectal cancer over a 9-month period. Methods There were 653 participants who completed the baseline questionnaire and were randomised to usual care (n?=?341) or intervention (n?=?306). Three follow-up questionnaires were completed at 3-monthly intervals (response rates: 93%, 87%, 82%, respectively). All four questionnaires contained the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and checklists for colorectal cancer symptoms and use of support services.

MEA presented significant antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and

MEA presented significant antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The maximum selleck chemicals llc concentration of MEA inhibited 80.33% and 77.39% of mutagenicity induced either by 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine or sodium azide, respectively. MEA presented fungistatic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophtora capsici. Moreover, a good in vivo protection against P. capsici was obtained in comparison to a commercial antifungal used toward this pathogen. Transcriptomic study displayed the expression of genes

that have biological importance, such as protein TIC55, GATA transcription factor, maturase-like protein, and NAC domain protein. NAC domain protein might have some biotechnological or industrial application, because, NAC transcription factor plays an important role in responses to biotic and abiotic stress from some plants. Results suggest that Timbe might be useful

in pharmaceutical, food and agro-industrial sectors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review

Although the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has benefited from the use of increasingly potent androgen synthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, it is only marginally effective. There is therefore a critical need for a better understanding of the mechanisms MLN4924 underlying the CRPC development and more effective therapeutic approaches. Here, we focus on the advancements reported in the last 18 months, particularly with regard to the mechanisms of castration resistance and potential therapeutic targets emerging from the studies with in-vivo models.

Recent findings

Recent findings indicate that AR-dependent mechanisms, for example, increased expression of CYP17A1 and AR splice variants, play important roles in in-vivo castration resistance to new antiandrogens

and androgen synthesis inhibitors. Whereas current therapeutic approaches focus on AR-dependent CRPC, studies based on genetically engineered mouse models indicate that castration resistance can develop in the absence of robust AR signaling. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that cellular plasticity of prostate adenocarcinoma allows AR-independent CRPC development via various adaptive mechanisms.

Summary

Significant progress has been made in the understanding of AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms involved in the development of CRPC. Buparlisib concentration This may lead to identification of new therapeutic targets and improved therapy.”
“Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders, which result in varying degrees of maternal hyperglycemia and pregnancy-associated risk. The frequency of GDM is rising globally and may also increase further as less-stringent criteria for the diagnosis are potentially adopted. The additional burden placed on the health care system by increasing cases of GDM requires consideration of diagnostic approaches and currently used treatment strategies.

Study design Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were seeded onto ProR

Study design. Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were seeded onto ProRoot (Pr-MTA) and Tooth-Colored(Tc-MTA) MTA surfaces, as well as commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and tissue culture plastic (TCP) controls. Cell-surface interactions were visualized by inverted fluorescence microscopy. After 24 hours of attachment, the cells were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results. Numerous cells attached and spread out onto Pr-MTA and Tc-MTA, as they did on cpTi and TCP. They formed plentiful extensions and a spindle-shaped morphology on the granular MTA surfaces. Cells grown on TCP and cpTi expressed BMS-345541 price an abundance of interleukin

(IL-6) and IL-1 alpha upon LPS exposure. Cells on Pr-MTA and Tc-MTA produced IL-6 but failed to express IL-1 alpha despite LPS stimulation.

Conclusions.

Osteoblast expression of inflammatory cytokines is altered on endodontic MTA surfaces compared with titanium implants and plastic controls. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 302-307)”
“We calculated the electronic structures and the thermoelectric properties for type-I and type-VIII Ba8Ga16Sn30 (BGS) clathrates. The band structures show that type-I and type-VIII BGS are indirect semiconductors with band gaps of 0.51 eV and 0.32 eV, respectively. The calculated Seebeck coefficient of n-type type-I BGS is higher than that of n-type type-VIII BGS because of the larger density of states

in type-I at the bottom of the conduction band. This is in good agreement with the experimental results. We TGFbeta inhibitor also calculated the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity due to charge carriers. Estimated thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, exceeds 1.0 for both types. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3437252]“
“Microspheres of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were prepared as semi-interpenetrating networks (IPNs), crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and used in controlled release of theophylline (THP), an anti-asthmatic drug. Formulations were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to understand uniform distribution of THP, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to understand chemical interactions, universal testing machine (UTM) for mechanical stability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for investigating GDC-0068 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor the morphology of the microspheres produced. SEM indicated smooth surfaces of the microparticles and sizes of around 10-15 mu m giving high encapsulation efficiency up to 69%. Equilibrium uptake performed in double distilled water and in vitro release studies performed in 1.2 and 7.4 pH buffer media indicated the effect of extent of crosslinking and HEC content of the semi-IPN matrix on the release of THP that was extended up to 12 h. Analysis of in vitro results using empirical equation suggested a deviation from the Fickian transport.

Modelling success varied, however, depending on whether plot or s

Modelling success varied, however, depending on whether plot or stand data were used. Many models included variables related to spatial relationships of structures. Few models were reliable when applied to independent data; therefore, our results indicate that models cannot be assumed to be applicable in different years or applied outside the area where the model was developed, even with similar spatial and temporal contexts. Overall, we did not find robust relationships necessary to guide management targets for retention and recruitment of specific forest structures. Therefore, using these

habitat models as surrogates for monitoring species occurrence is limited. Monitoring aspects of habitat should still be included as part of biodiversity monitoring programs because AS1842856 preservation of structures known to be negatively affected by harvesting (e.g., dead wood, large trees, closed canopies, continuous forests) contributes to local and landscape heterogeneity and has been shown to affect species presence in this study and others. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this work, we report on the epitaxial growth of high-quality cubic indium oxide thick films on c-plane sapphire substrates using a two-step growth process. The epitaxial relationship of Selleck XMU-MP-1 In2O3 on (0001) Al2O3 has been investigated. The (222) plane spacing and

lattice parameter of a most strain-relaxed high-quality In2O3 film have been determined to be 292.58 pm and 1013.53 pm, respectively. The electronic properties in dependence of the film thickness are interpreted using a three-region model. The density at the surface and interface totals (3.3 +/- 1.5) x 10(13) cm(-2), while the background electron density in the bulk was determined to be (2.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(18) cm(-3). Furthermore, post treatments such as irradiation via ultraviolet light and ozone oxidation have been found to influence only the surface layer, while the bulk electronic Alvocidib properties remain unchanged. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658217]“
“Sexually reproducing

animals require an orchestrated communication between spermatozoa and the egg to generate a new individual. Capacitation, a maturational complex phenomenon that occurs in the female reproductive tract, renders spermatozoa capable of binding and fusing with the oocyte, and it is a requirement for mammalian fertilization. Capacitation encompasses plasma membrane reorganization, ion permeability regulation, cholesterol loss and changes in the phosphorylation state of many proteins. Novel tools to study sperm ion channels, image intracellular ionic changes and proteins with better spatial and temporal resolution, are unraveling how modifications in sperm ion transport and phosphorylation states lead to capacitation.

Predictive effects of observed diagnostic performance

Predictive effects of observed diagnostic performance SBI-0206965 chemical structure and confidence score were quantified with the entropy r(2) value. Sensitivity, specificity, and confidence intervals were calculated while accounting for multiple reader assessments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, including area under the ROC curve, were conducted for three modalities in combination with confidence score. Inter-and intraobserver agreement was established with the Cohen kappa statistic.

Results: The final diagnosis was infarct in 64% of the patients, transient ischemic attack in 18%, and stroke mimic in 17%.

Large-vessel occlusion occurred in 70% of the patients with an infarct. Sensitivity for stroke determination selleck with noncontrast CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion increased by 12.4% over

that with noncontrast CT and CT angiography and by 18.2% over that with only noncontrast CT for a confidence level of 4 or higher. The incremental protocol was more likely to enable confirmation of clinical stroke diagnosis (odds ratio, 13.3) than was noncontrast CT and CT angiography (odds ratio, 6.4) or noncontrast CT alone (odds ratio, 3.3), The area under the ROC curve was 0.67 for the combination of noncontrast CT and confidence score, 0.72 for the combination of CT angiography and confidence score, and 0.81 for the combination of CT perfusion and confidence score. Inter-and intraobserver agreement increased with progressive sequence Citarinostat in vivo use.

Conclusion: An incremental stroke protocol that includes CT perfusion increases diagnostic performance for stroke diagnosis and inter-and intraobserver agreement. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“Nickel ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in SiO(2) matrix

have been synthesized by sol-gel method. Structural analysis has been performed by using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic properties have been investigated by using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. In addition to the average blocking temperature peak at T(B) = 120 K measured by a zero field cooled temperature scan of the dc susceptibility, an additional hump near 15 K is observed. Temperature dependent out-of-phase ac susceptibility shows the same features: one broad peak at high temperature and a second narrow peak at low temperature. The high temperature peak corresponds to magnetic blocking of individual nanoparticles, while the low temperature peak is attributed to surface spin-glass freezing which becomes dominant for decreasing particle diameter. To prove the dynamics of the spin (dis) order in both regimes of freezing and blocking, the frequency dependent ac susceptibility is investigated under a biasing dc field. The frequency shift in the “”frozen”" low-temperature ac susceptibility peak is fitted to a dynamic scaling law with a critical exponent zv=7.5, which indicates a spin-glass phase.