MEA presented significant antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The maximum selleck chemicals llc concentration of MEA inhibited 80.33% and 77.39% of mutagenicity induced either by 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine or sodium azide, respectively. MEA presented fungistatic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophtora capsici. Moreover, a good in vivo protection against P. capsici was obtained in comparison to a commercial antifungal used toward this pathogen. Transcriptomic study displayed the expression of genes
that have biological importance, such as protein TIC55, GATA transcription factor, maturase-like protein, and NAC domain protein. NAC domain protein might have some biotechnological or industrial application, because, NAC transcription factor plays an important role in responses to biotic and abiotic stress from some plants. Results suggest that Timbe might be useful
in pharmaceutical, food and agro-industrial sectors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review
Although the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has benefited from the use of increasingly potent androgen synthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, it is only marginally effective. There is therefore a critical need for a better understanding of the mechanisms MLN4924 underlying the CRPC development and more effective therapeutic approaches. Here, we focus on the advancements reported in the last 18 months, particularly with regard to the mechanisms of castration resistance and potential therapeutic targets emerging from the studies with in-vivo models.
Recent findings
Recent findings indicate that AR-dependent mechanisms, for example, increased expression of CYP17A1 and AR splice variants, play important roles in in-vivo castration resistance to new antiandrogens
and androgen synthesis inhibitors. Whereas current therapeutic approaches focus on AR-dependent CRPC, studies based on genetically engineered mouse models indicate that castration resistance can develop in the absence of robust AR signaling. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that cellular plasticity of prostate adenocarcinoma allows AR-independent CRPC development via various adaptive mechanisms.
Summary
Significant progress has been made in the understanding of AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms involved in the development of CRPC. Buparlisib concentration This may lead to identification of new therapeutic targets and improved therapy.”
“Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders, which result in varying degrees of maternal hyperglycemia and pregnancy-associated risk. The frequency of GDM is rising globally and may also increase further as less-stringent criteria for the diagnosis are potentially adopted. The additional burden placed on the health care system by increasing cases of GDM requires consideration of diagnostic approaches and currently used treatment strategies.