The thyroid, vasopressin, and reproductive systems as well as processes associated with
long-term potentiation were selected as sample targets of organohalogens that rely on regulation by NO. Information is provided about other toxicants with demonstrated interference of NO signaling. Our focus on the convergence between NO system and organohalogen toxicity offers a novel approach to understanding endocrine and neuroendocrine disruption that is particularly problematic for developing organisms. This new working model is proposed as a way to encourage future study in elucidating common mechanisms of action that are selected with a better operational understanding of the systems affected.”
“Sensorimotor Tozasertib nmr performance declines with normal aging. The present study explored age-related changes in sensorimotor integration by conditioning a supra-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse with a peripheral nerve shock at different interstimulus intervals. Cortical motor threshold of the abductor pollicis brevis
muscle, intracortical inhibition and facilitation were measured. We also assessed the influence of median nerve stimulation on motor cortex excitability at intervals which evoked short- and long-latency afferent inhibition (SAL and LAI, respectively) and afferent-induced CYC202 molecular weight facilitation (AIF). We observed a marked decrease of the long latency influence of proprioceptive inputs on M1 excitability in the elderly, with the loss of AIF and LAI. The SAL motor thresholds and intracortical inhibition and facilitation were not age-related. Decreased Liothyronine Sodium sensorimotor performance with aging appears to be associated with a decrease in the influence of proprioceptive inputs on motor cortex excitability at longer intervals (probably via higher order cortical areas). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Fenfluramine reduces hunger and promotes body weight loss by increasing central serotonin (5-HT) signaling.
More recently, neuropeptides have been linked to the regulation of feeding behavior, metabolism and body weight. To examine possible interactions between 5-HT and neuropeptides in appetite control, fenfluramine (200 nmol/0.5 mu l/side) was administered directly into the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of male rats. Bilateral fenfluramine produced significant hypophagia and increased expression of PVN corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the arcuate nucleus within the first hour after drug administration. Fenfluramine’s effects on feeding behavior and mRNA expression were blocked by PVN injections of a 5-HT(1-2) receptor antagonist, metergoline (15 nmo1/0.5 mu l/side). These data suggest that 5-HT neurons targeting hypothalamic paraventricular CRF neurons may participate in an appetite control circuit for reducing food intake.