We also found chromosomal structural changes such as deletion 7, deletion 6q, deletion X, duplication 1, and deletion 12p (table 3). Some of these changes such as the deletion or loss of chromosome 7 are more frequently seen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. We found no report on inversion 16 , t(1;4), and t(10;13) in ALL patients in the literature, but t(7;14), t(7;9), and t(6,12) were reported in T-ALL cases.16,17 Translocation (4;9) has also been previously reported in AML patients.18 Given Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the limited number of cases in the present

study, the type and frequency of some the abnormalities are different from those reported by other groups. Conclusion Cytogenetic analysis in ALL plays an important role in the classification and prognosis of the patients. The present

study was the first of its kind to survey the distribution of cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric and adult ALL patients in Fars Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Province. In comparison to the other relevant studies, we found that normal karyotypes in our study population were more frequent than those in the other studies and that the difference between the children and adults did not constitute statistical significance. Hyperdiploidy was the most frequent abnormal karyotype in our study, which chimes in with the literature. Pure hyperdiploidy had a KRX-0401 significantly Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical higher incidence in children than in adults. The frequencies of some other chromosomal aberrations such as t(9;22) were comparable to those reported elsewhere. Other abnormalities, including 11q23 and t(1;19), had low incidence rates compared to the figures reported previously. Finally, we found abnormalities such as the deletion or loss of chromosome Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 7, which are more frequently reported in AML or Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical MDS patients. We conclude that advanced molecular methods which can detect cryptic abnormalities in ALL cases must be utilized routinely in cytogenetic laboratories. We also recommend that the prognostic effect of

cytogenetic abnormalities for ALL patients be evaluated in the future. Acknowledgment We hereby thank Zahra Bagheri, PhD, for the analysis and interpretation of our data. Conflict of interest: None declared.
Brucellosis, previously known as Malta fever, is one of the most common Anacetrapib zoonotic diseases. Owing to its subtle nature, difficult diagnosis, tendency to relapse, and potentially debilitating complications, brucellosis is a major health problem in the world. Annually, more than half a million people are infected globally. This erratic illness was noted in the Mediterranean region by Hippocrates in 450 B.C. and was described by the Romans 2000 years ago. Brucellosis is endemic in Iran. However, according to the data reported by the National Commission on Communicable Diseases Control, the incidence of brucellosis is in decline in Iran. In 1989, the annual incidence surpassed 1000 cases per million;1 and in 2003, the annual incidence plummeted to 238.