Tracheostomy was performed in 16 (15.7%) patients and mechanical ventilation was used in 32 (31.4%) cases. Supportive treatment such as balanced fluid and calorie intake, prevention of gastric stress ulcer, prevention of pressure sores were provided in all patients. Complications Complications of tetanus were documented in 56 (54.9%) patients. These included respiratory complications (pneumonia, respiratory failure) in 18 (32.1%) patients, cardiovascular (tachycardia, hypertension) in 11(19.6%), gastrointestinal complications (paralytic ileus) in 10 (17.9%), renal complications (renal failure) in 4 (7.1%), neurological complications (seizures) in
10 (17.9%) and others in 3 (5.4%). Outcome of tetanus patients Of the 102patients, IWR-1 cell line 58 (56.9%) patients were alive. of these, 53 (91.4%) patients were discharged Screening Library manufacturer well and the remaining 5(8.6%) patients were discharged with permanent BGB324 ic50 disabilities such as persistent vegetative state due to hypoxic brain damage (2 patients), limb amputation (2 patients) and persistent abnormal gait in 1 patient. There were forty-four deaths, accounting for an overall mortality of 43.1% (Figure 1). Figure 1 Flow chart showing the outcomes of the 102
tetanus patients in our study. Majority of the deaths occurred in the first few days: 11 (25.0%) died in the first 3days while 33 (75.0%) % died in the first 10 days. Of the patients who were discharged alive, only 17 (29.3%) received tetanus toxiod before discharged. The predictors of mortality according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are shown in table 4. Table 4 The predictors of mortality according to univariate and multivariate Rho logistic regression analyses Predictor variable Number of survivors (N/%) Number of non-survivors (n/%) Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis O.R. (95% C.I.) P-value O.R. (95% C.I.) P-value Age (years) < 40 56 (73.7%) 20 (26.3%) ≥ 40 2(7.7%) 24 (92.3%) 3.4 (2.8-5.2) 0.012 5.8(3.7-17.3) 0.002 Sex Male 54 (47.4%) 40(42.6%) Female
4 (50.0%) 4 (50.0%) 0.2 (0.1-5.4) 0.675 0.4 (0.3-2.1) 0.986 Incubation period(days) (N = 88) < 7 24 (37.5%) 40(62.5%) ≥ 7 20(83.3%) 4 (16.7%) 6.3(3.6-9.7) 0.002 0.5(0.3-0.9) 0.014 Period of onset (hours) (N = 65) < 48 11 (29.7%) 26 (70.3%) ≥ 48 10 (35.7%) 18 (64.3%) 0.4 (0.2-2.6) 0.561 1.7 (0.5-3.2) 0.937 Prior immunization Yes 16(66.7%) 8 (33.3%) No 42(53.8%) 36(46.2%) 3.9 (0.4-6.2 0.068 0.9 (0.5-2.5) 0.561 Admission pattern ICU 48(57.1%) 36 (42.9%) Wards 10 (55.6%) 8 (44.4%) 4.4(0.6-6.7) 0.491 3.8(0.7-4.9) 0.849 Type of tetanus Generalized 56 (55.6%) 43 (43.4%) Cephalic 1(50.0%) 1 (50.0%) 2.5 (0.9-3.1) 0.067 1.7(0.2-5.4) 0.