This proteomic study confirms the impact of nitrogen starvation on overall metabolism and provides new perspectives to study the lipid over-accumulation in the prymnesiophyte haptophyte T. lutea. Biological significance This paper study consists of the first proteomic analysis on Tisochrysis lutea, a non-model marine microalga of interest for aquaculture and lipids production. Comparative proteomics revealed proteins putatively involved in the up-accumulation of neutral lipids in a mutant strain during nitrogen starvation. The results are of great importance for future works to improve lipid accumulation

in micro algae of biotechnological interest AZD6244 cost for biofuel production. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background It is well known that problems with binocular vision can cause issues for reading; less known is to what

extent binocular vision improves reading performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of binocularity by directly comparing monocular and binocular reading in subjects with typical reading skills and normal binocular vision. A secondary purpose was to assess any asymmetry in monocular performance AZD1208 and its association with the sighting dominant eye. Methods In a balanced repeated measures experiment, 18 subjects read paragraphs of text under monocular and binocular conditions. All subjects went through an optometric examination before inclusion. Reading speed and eye movements were recorded with an eye tracker. Results The mean difference

in reading speed (2.1 per cent) between monocular (dominant and non-dominant eye averaged) and binocular reading speed was not significant. A significant difference in reading speed was found between binocular and the non-dominant eye, as determined by the far sighting test (p = 0.03). Monocular reading showed significantly increased (8.9 per cent) fixation duration (p smaller than 0.01) and longer regressive saccades by 0.43 character spaces (p smaller than 0.01). Reading with the non-dominant eye, as determined by the near sighting test, showed increased progressive saccade length by 0.2 characters compared to the dominant eye (p = 0.03). No other significant differences Sapanisertib chemical structure between dominant and non-dominant eyes were found. The agreement between the faster reading eye and ocular dominance was 44 to 56 per cent depending on whether dominance was determined at near or far. Conclusion The outcomes suggest that in subjects with normal binocular vision, there is no marked enhancement in reading performance by binocular vision when reading paragraphs of text. Furthermore, the monocular reading performance appears to be close to equal and any small differences in performance appear not to be strongly associated with ocular dominance.