This finding suggests a model in which flagella compete with cytoplasmic microtubules for a fixed pool of tubulin, with katanin-mediated severing

allowing easier access to this pool during flagellar assembly. We tested this model using a stochastic simulation that confirms that cytoplasmic microtubules can compete with flagella for a limited tubulin pool, showing that alteration of cytoplasmic microtubule severing could be sufficient to explain the effect of the pf15 mutations on flagellar length.”
“Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) is often used in metastatic patients with nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine Vadimezan chemical structure tumors (NF-pNET). The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CgA in patients with low tumor burden. Methods: Resectable patients with NF-pNET without metastases at time of diagnosis were included between 2002 and 2013 in the Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam. CgA was determined at time of diagnosis and during follow-up according to a standardized method. The upper reference range was 94 mu g/l. Results: Overall, 47 patients were included in this study. CgA was elevated preoperatively in only 10 patients (27%). In the detection of metastases during follow-up, the

positive predictive value for CgA was 50% and negative BEZ235 ic50 predictive value was 81%. In 50% of the patients with an elevated CgA during follow-up, this test result was false-positive. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of CgA was low preoperatively in patients

with resectable NF-pNET and low tumor burden. In the detection of recurrent disease after curative resection of NF-pNET, the diagnostic accuracy of CgA was moderate (50%). We conclude that the routine measurement LY2835219 in vivo of CgA at time of diagnosis or during follow-up after curative resection had limited value in patients with resectable NF-pNET. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“This study evaluated gonadal migration and postmigratory proliferation of intact and genetically modified chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with the gonadal population of PGCs and transgenic chicken production as major parameters. PGCs (0, 90, 900, 1800, or 3000 cells) were transferred into 53-h-old embryos. The percentage of PGCs migrating on Day 6 of development was highest (35.8%) following the transfer of 900 PGCs and did not change with increases in transferred PGCs. The number of migrating PGCs gradually increased (P = 0.0001) as the number of transferred PGCs was increased. Gonadal migration was detected after the transfer of intact and genetically modified PGCs, but prominent decreases in PGC migration (from 21.9% to 0.38%) and chimera ratio (from 0.4 to 0.007) occurred with genetically modified PGCs. However, subsequent vigorous proliferation of the modified PGCs (3.