The prepared inclusion complexes were characterized by FTIR and DSC. Significant improvement in the dissolution was found with S and R enantiomers of amlodipine base where as no improvement was found with enantiomers of amlodipine besylate (p > 0.05) after complexation with HPBC. This indicates the formation of inclusion complexes with only enantiomers of amlodipine base (p < 0.05). No stereospecific dissolution was found with pure amlodipine besylate enantiomers. In case of
physical mixing no inclusion complexes were formed even with enantiomers of amlodipine base (p > 0.05). Stereospecific dissolution was observed with pure enantiomers of amlodipine base when its inclusion complexes were prepared by solvent evaporation method with 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios but not with 1:3 molar ratio.”
“Background: Hip dysplasia leads to abnormal loading check details of articular cartilage, which results in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomic and demographic factors associated with the early onset of osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips by utilizing the delayed gadolinium-enhanced
magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) index as a marker of the disease.
Methods: Ninety-six symptomatic dysplastic hips in seventy-four patients were assessed with standard radiographs and a dGEMRIC scan. The lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg, the acetabular index of Tonnis, and the break in the Shenton line were measured on a standing MAPK inhibitor selleck products anteroposterior radiograph. Anterior undercoverage was assessed by measuring the anterior center-edge angle on a Lequesne false-profile view. A labral tear was considered to be present when contrast agent was seen through the entire thickness of the labrum on magnetic resonance arthrography. Osteoarthritis
was defined as a dGEMRIC value of <390 msec (two standard deviations below the dGEMRIC index in normal hips).
Results: The mean dGEMRIC index (and standard deviation) for this cohort (473 +/- 104 msec) was significantly lower than that of a morphologically normal hip (570 90 msec). The anterior center-edge angle, the joint space width, and the presence of a labral tear were all found to be associated with osteoarthritis in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified age, the anterior center-edge angle, and the presence of a labral tear as independent factors associated with osteoarthritis. A second model was fitted with omission of the anterior center-edge angle because the lateral and anterior center-edge angles were highly correlated and the lateral center-edge angle is a more common clinical measure. This model identified age, the lateral center-edge angle, and the presence of a labral tear as significant independent factors associated with osteoarthritis.