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the discussions. SMW proposed the initial work, supervised the sample design and analysis, and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Review Graphene was first discovered in 2004 by Novoselov et al. [1]. Graphene is a single atomic layer with a thickness of only 0.34 nm of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms covalently bonded to three other atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice [1–7]. Graphene’s unique structural, mechanical, and electrical properties and high carrier mobility makes it one of the most important topics in materials science today [8–14]. Graphene forms the basic structure of other carbon-based materials such as fullerene (wrapped-up graphene) [15–21], carbon nanotubes (several graphene sheets rolled up along a vertical axis) [22–29], and graphite (stacked graphene) [30–35].