Parents were eligible to participate if they had a child aged between 11 months and 3.5 years (the broad window for MMR1 in the UK, though the vaccine is recommended to be given ideally at 12–13 months old [4]), who was registered with NHS Ealing, and was eligible to receive MMR1 (i.e. had no confirmed contraindications), but had so far received neither MMR1 nor any single measles, mumps or rubella vaccine (hereafter referred to as ‘singles’). A purposive sampling frame was used to select parents with a range of intended MMR1 decisions: (1) accepting MMR1 on-time, (2) accepting MMR1 late, (3) obtaining one or more singles, (4)

obtaining no MMR1 or singles. Parents had not acted on their decisions at the points of recruitment, CB-839 interview and coding, so intended MMR decision was used as a proxy of actual MMR decision for selection, but actual MMR decision was used to group participants for analysis. Recruitment continued until thematic saturation (the point at which no new themes emerge in new interviews [38]) was reached within each decision group. Any parents from the saturated decision group who responded after this point were advised that sufficient data had been obtained for parents in their group, and recruitment messages were amended to specify the particular groups still needed. As these amendments were made quickly after saturation was reached, and recruitment was fairly slow with only 2 or 3 interviewees per month, only

one potential interviewee (accepting MMR1 on-time) was not able to participate in the study. Parents were recruited initially through Selleckchem Regorafenib 17 GP practice nurses, 2 community groups, and 6 online parenting forums with no formal pro- or anti-vaccination position (e.g. not ‘activist’ groups). These approaches yielded few parents rejecting both MMR1 and singles, so chain referral [39] was used in addition. Study materials were translated Idoxuridine to support recruitment of an ethnically diverse sample [40]. Ethical approval was obtained (Reference 08/H0710/6). Participants were interviewed at home or in their workplace, either face-to-face or by telephone (participants chose a method to suit them). Written

consent was obtained, and each participant received a £10 shopping voucher in return for their time. Language support was provided where requested/accepted by the participant. Interviews were guided by a semi-structured schedule (provided as supplementary material) informed by the literature [10], [41] and [42]. The schedule comprised four topic areas to be discussed: personal details, planned MMR1 behaviour, general factors underpinning decision, and identification of key ‘decision drivers’, and each topic area contained prompts e.g. vaccine, disease, parenting. Interviews opened with a broad question ‘What things have you thought about whilst making your decision about the first MMR dose?’ to identify topics salient to the participant, which the interviewer then probed for expansion.