Out of the ninety isolates for which demographic data were available, 57 (63.33%) originated from male patients and 33 (36.67%) from females. The mean age of patients was 26, the median 22 years. Patients carrying ST239-III were older than average (mean, 43 years; median, 39 years). Additionally, five isolates from four environmental samples collected by the Infection Control & Environmental Health Department (IC & EH) were included. This included two PVL-negative CC22-IV, two PVL-positive CC22-IV

and one PVL-positive CC30-IV. Prevalence of resistance- and virulence-associated genes Table 1 shows which percentages of clinically important genes, i.e., resistance or virulence associated markers, selleck chemicals llc SCCmec elements and agr groups were found among the studied isolates. Table 1 Prevalences of resistance markers and virulence-associated genes Marker this website Number of positive isolates Percent of positive isolates Marker Number Smoothened Agonist cell line of positive isolates Percent of positive isolates mecA 107 100.00 lukF-PV + lukS-PV 58 54.21 SCCmec I, SCCmec II 0 0.00 tst1 8 7.48 SCCmec III 22 20.56 sea 9 8.41 SCCmec IV 76 71.03 sea-N315 5 4.67 SCCmec IV/SCCfus (CC1) 1 0.93 seb 2 1.87 SCCmec IV/SCCfus (CC5) 3 2.80 sec + sel 3 2.80 SCCmec V 4 3.74 sed 2 1.87 atypical SCCmec (ST834) 1 0.93 see 0 0.00 merA + merB

14 13.08 egc 54 50.47 blaZ 100 93.46 seh 1 0.93 erm(A) 21 19.63 sej + ser 3 2.80 erm(C) 30 else 28.04 sek + seq 24 22.43 msr(A) 9 8.41 ORF CM14 1 0.93 mph(C) 7 6.54 etA, etB, edinC 0 0.00 aacA-aphD 37 34.58 etD 21 19.63 aadD 8 7.48 edinA 1 0.93 aphA3 + sat 38 35.51 edinB 21 19.63 dfrA 28 26.17 ACME 0 0.00 far1 17 15.89 sak 103 96.26 Q6GD50 (fusC) 7 6.54 chp 70 65.42 tet(K) 11 10.28 scn 104 97.20 tet(M) 22 20.56 agr group I 58 54.21 cat 1 0.93 agr group II 10 9.35 qacA 20 18.69 agr group III 38 35.51 mupA, ermB, cfr, fexA, vanA 0 0.00 agr group IV 1

0.93 Most significantly, the prevalence of the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukF/S-PV) was high (54.21%). Clonal complexes and strains Isolates were assigned to CCs and strains based on hybridisation profiles as defined previously [20, 21]. Five major MRSA clones from four clonal complexes (CC) predominated. These highly prevalent strains included CC8/ST239-III, (Vienna/Hungary/Brazil Epidemic Strain), PVL-positive CC22-IV and PVL-negative CC22-IV (UK-EMRSA-15/Barnim Epidemic Strain), PVL-positive ST30-IV (Southwest Pacific Clone) and PVL-positive CC80-IV (European CA-MRSA Clone). Sporadic MRSA strains included PVL-negative CC5-IV, CC5-IV/SCCfus, CC6-IV (West Australian, WA, MRSA-51/66) and PVL-positive CC88-IV, PVL-positive CC5-IV, PVL-negative CC80-IV, CC97-V as well as CC1-IV/SCCfus (WA MRSA-1/45), PVL-positive CC1/ST772-V (Bengal Bay Clone/WA MRSA-60), PVL-negative CC5-V, CC45-IV (WA MRSA-23) and a CC9/ST834-MRSA strain with an unidentified SCCmec element.