Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.Authors�� contributionsML designed the study, contributed to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafted the manuscript and has given final approval of this version; RP contributed to analysis and interpretation of data; drafted the manuscript and has given final approval of this newsletter subscribe version; AR contributed to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and has given final approval of this version; MLP revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; MVL revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; JNF revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; MPFG revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; IP revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content; DS revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; BC revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and has given final approval of this version; JLM designed the study, contributed to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; drafted the manuscript and has given final approval of this version.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Supplementary MaterialAdditional file 1:(A) Super Learner-based cross-validated risk.

MSE, cross validated mean squared error; AUROC, cross-validated Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve. (B) Results of the variable importance measures using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for the candidate risk factors for renal f unction worsening. CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; RR, relative risk; OR, odds ratio; IE, infectious endocarditis.Click here for file(70K, doc)
Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are serious complications of severely ill patients [1].CIP is an acute and primarily distal axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy affecting mainly lower extremities and respiratory muscles [2]. As in some patients when primarily the muscles are affected, the term critical illness myopathy (CIM) was established [1]. However, the differentiation between CIP and CIM is difficult. Therefore, and due to the frequent association of both, the term critical illness polyneuropathy and/or myopathy (CIPNM) was introduced Brefeldin_A in 2000 [3]. Moreover, electrophysiological and histological findings of CIP and CIM disclose a significant overlap of these two entities [4].