More specific studies are recommended to examine this

suggestion. Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the Director General of AECS, and the head of the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department for their support. The authors would also like to thank Dr. M. Safi for his critical reading of this manuscript. Conflict of Interest: None declared
In 1988, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published two articles on nosocomial infections (NIs) and certain types of NIs’ criteria for surveillance purposes. Nosocomial infections Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical refer to any systemic or localized conditions that result from the reaction by an infectious agent or toxin.1 The infection Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical is developing in all high, middle and low income countries. The CDC estimated that the cost of selleckbio events related to NIs was an average of $2,100, and varied from $680 for urinary tract infections to $5,683 for respiratory tract infections in the United States of America.2 An intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the hospital wards critical in the treatment of many serious diseases, which needs particular Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cares. Despite having a prominent role in the care of patients with infections, ICUs cause some complications and death, and increases

the costs imposed on patients and society.3 The incidence of NIs related to mechanical ventilation, catheter insertion and some invasive procedures are more than that in other hospital wards, which do not carry such Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical procedures.4 Classification of NIs is critical for any surveillance program. Traditionally, a time cut-off of

48 hours after admission is used to differentiate between hospital and research use community acquired infections. However such a cut-off point does not present the patients’ carrier status that can cause the infection. In an attempt to solve the problem, a classification Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical based on pathogenesis of infection and the criteria for carrier status were offered.5 Three types of infections in ICUs including primary and secondary endogenous, and exogenous infections are defined by carrier status. Only, secondary endogenous and exogenous infections are AV-951 real infections acquired in ICUs.6 The overall incidence of NIs is 6.1% to 29.6% in pediatric ICUs. Using the CDC definition of NIs, which is defined as infection occurring 48 hours after admission, it was shown that in a sample of 1239 pediatric patients in 2009 the incidence of NIs was 24.5 per 1000 person days, and that the length of stay of patients with NI in ICU was higher than that without the infection.7 Overall, many studies have focused on the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention methods in adults patients. However, there have been limited studies on NI in pediatric patients.