Membranes were Navitoclax cell line incubated with rabbit anti-human anti-DNMT1 antibody (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA),

DNMT3a (1:1000; Epitomics, Burlingame, CA) and DNMT3b (1:1000; Imagenex, Port Coquitlam, BC) at room temperature overnight. After three washes with TTBS, blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:5000) for 2 h at room temperature. The membranes were visualized with an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system (Pierce) and images acquired using a Fluores-max instrument (Alpha Innotech, Santa Clara, CA). The gray scale value of the respective bands was quantified using Quantity One imaging software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Animal model of pancreatic cancer and animal group The animals used in this study received humane care in compliance with the Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals formulated by the Medical Ethical Committee on animal experiments of the Second Military Medical University. Twenty four BMN 673 mouse 4 week old nude mice weighing 18 to 20 g were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection

of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg). In a mini-laparotomy, the recipient rat pancreas was exposed and a small stab wound made in the pancreas parenchyma with a knife blade. The SW1990 cell suspension (1 × 105 cells/ml, 0.2 ml) was inoculated under the parenchyma of the pancreatic tail. Any leakage of the cell suspension into abdominal cavity was carefully removed with 75% ethanol to avoid peritoneal metastasis. Ten days later, the ultrasonic

images demonstrated the formation of in situ pancreatic cancer with a tumor diameter of 1.52 ± 0.31 cm. After the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was established by ultrasound images during laparotomy, the 18-gauge needles were implanted into the visible mass at the tail of pancreas, and spaced in a parallel array at intervals of approximately 0.5 cm. After the needles were implanted, 125I seeds were implanted using a Mick-applicator with the spacing maintained at approximately 0.5 cm. The mice with pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into three groups. Groups I, II, and III underwent the implantation of 0 Gy, 2 Gy, and 4 Gy 125I seeds, http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html respectively. The 2 Gy or 4Gy irradiation were achieved through implantation of 1 or 2 seeds, respectively, into the pancreatic tumor. The 125I seed have a average activity of 0.5 – 0.8 mCi. No seed implantation was performed in the 0 Gy irradiation group. After 125I seed implantation, two mice in the 0 Gy group died; however, no death was observed in the 2 Gy and 4 Gy groups. Measurement of tumor volume by ultrasonic images Ultrasonic inspection was performed through using a GF-UCT240-AL5 (Olympus Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 0 and 28 d post-implantation with a probe frequency of 12 MHz. After anesthetizing the animals by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), the mouse abdomen was soaked with sterile deionized water.