Bench press 1RM was significantly increased after caffeine ingestion, but lower body strength and power (Wingate) were not changed. Although caffeine may have ergogenic effects on upper body strength and Gilteritinib molecular weight during activities more aerobic in nature, it is unlikely that the caffeine content of the active supplement in the current study had any effect on the LPM variable. Despite this finding, caffeine likely played a role in the improvement of %BF. Supplemental caffeine is often used to

increase lipolysis during exercise [38] and spare glycogen [39], a benefit that could potentially be seen if the supplement used in the present study was taken for a longer period of time. In one study, overweight participants consumed buy VX-765 a dietary supplement containing 240 mg/day of caffeine for eight weeks and AZD6244 molecular weight achieved a significant (p < 0.006) amount of weight loss and fat mass loss in addition to a decrease in hip girth measurements [40]. It is also plausible that the increased

LPM was due to the actual combination of ingredients rather than one single ingredient in particular. A similar pre-workout supplement, when ingested for a period of three weeks, significantly increased leg press strength in recreationally-trained males [41]. The particular multi-ingredient supplement used in Spradley and associates’ research contained 300mg of caffeine as well as beta-alanine, creatine, and BCAAs included in the supplement [41]. Multi-ingredient pre-workout drinks containing a combination of caffeine, creatine, amino acids, and beta-alanine, commonly demonstrating a delay in fatigue and improved peak and mean power measures after acute supplementation [42-44]. One such supplemental drink was consumed by 15 trained males before each workout for eight weeks and results revealed significant improvements in strength for the experimental group [44]. This study conducted Rucaparib by Kudrna and colleagues demonstrates the possibility for improvements through pre-exercise supplement drinks with an adequate training

and supplementation period [44]. Increased training volume (attributable to delayed onset of fatigue) was seen after trained individuals consumed 18g of a multi-ingredient ergogenic supplement drink before high intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions for three weeks [4] Ingredients in the active supplement were similar to those in the current study (BCAAs, caffeine, creatine) and although group by time interactions were not significant in Smith’s study, 95% confidence intervals suggested that the supplement was beneficial on measures of aerobic performance [4]. Considering the short duration of supplementation, comparable conclusions can be drawn, suggesting potential training benefits related to the supplement if doses of ingredients and supplementation duration are adequate.