Because of the large number of factors that were associated with hypercoagulability and/or survival in general study population, multivariable analyses were conducted to determine whether hypercoagulability was an independent predictor. The results of this analysis are summarized

in Table 4. Table 4 Multivariate analysis Factor Estimate + SE GSK2118436 Hazard ratio (95% CI) P MSKCC risk group 0.56 ± 0.07 1.75 (1.65; 1.85) <.001 Hypercoagulability 0.51 ± 0.09 1.63 (1.5; 1.76) <.001 Non-clear RCC 0.29 ± 0.10 1.35 (1.21; 1.49) .002 ≥ 2 metastatic sites 0.27 ± 0.09 1.3 (1.1; 1.5) .003 Age > 60 y 0.25 ± 0.08 1.26 (1.05; 1.47) .007 SE – standard error; CI – confidence interval, P – P value (Wald test) By using stepwise variable selection, hypercoagulability, MSKCC risk group, non-clear RCC, number of metastatic sites, and age were found to be independent predictors of survival. Discussion Although advances in the treatment

of metastatic RCC have been made in recent years, the overall outcome of this disease remains dismal. Despite encouraging results with new find more treatment agents, their optimal incorporation into clinical practice Stattic remains to be defined. Whether these agents should be used as monotherapy or combined with cytokines or other agents remains speculative. The role of prognostic factors may help to define better these questions. We sought to analyze metastatic RCC patients before cancer-specific treatment in N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. The objective of this study was to determine whether an elevated coagulation level is a negative predictor for Dapagliflozin survival and response to treatment in metastatic RCC. Coagulation estimate is a simple, inexpensive test that can be obtained before treatment and could help to individualize therapy based on risk factor assessment. Our results showed that 40% of patients had hypercoagulability

at treatment start. Hypercoagulability can be an independent prognostic factor according to our data. There were no studies which demonstrated prognostic role of hypercoagulability and impact on response to immunotherapy in metastatic RCC patients. However, influence of disorders in the cellular hemostasis on survival of RCC patients was shown. In the retrospective study by R. Suppiah et al. [9], 192 of 714 (25%) metastatic RCC patients had thrombocytosis. In univariate analysis, patients with thrombocytosis had significantly shorter survival than patients with normal platelet count. Median survival was 8.4 months and 14.6 months, respectively (P <.001). In another retrospective review by Symbas et al. [10], 147 of 259 (57%) metastatic RCC patients were found to have at least once platelet count of > 400,000/μL before treatment.