1.1.8). The most important role of AChE is terminating neurotransmission by hydrolysis of acetylcholine [1]. Inhibition of AChE is based on bonding to serine in the active site [2]. The in vivo inhibition results in accumulation of acetylcholine inside neurosynapses with consequent overstimulation of acetylcholine receptors [3].Many symptoms can occur in vivo shortly after intoxication. Typical intoxication symptoms should be considered a consequence of overstimulation of muscarinic and/or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [4]. Typical symptoms are bronchospasms, bradycardia, miosis, lacrymation, diarrhea and salivation. Moreover, typical symptoms of CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor overstimulation can occur: confusion, coma, agitation and/or respiratory failure [4].

Typically examination of cholinesterase activity in blood is based on Ellman’s reaction [5,6]. It is based on splitting of an artificial substrate acetylthiocholine into acetic acid and thiocholine and consequent reaction with 5,5��-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. The accumulation of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid is measured as absorbance at 412 nm. The disadvantage of Ellman’s method is the strong interference caused by many electrophilic compounds such as reactivator drugs with oxime groups [7]. Voltammetric techniques have been found useful for routine assays of biological matrices [8-11]. The performance of electrochemical devices has been found convenient to assay anticholinergic compounds such as nerve agents, pesticides and some drugs [12-14].

Cholinesterase is bound tightly to the electrode surface, so the resulting device is considered a biosensor [15-16]. Recently, the electrochemical assay of blood cholinesterases was proposed as a plausible alternative to the optical one [17].Though the mechanism of intoxication has been extensively studied for the last decades, to the best of our knowledge the estimation of the exact levels of cholinesterase activity necessary for survival has not been established. The study is focused on evaluation of blood cholinesterase activity during serious intoxication by the organophosphate paraoxon. The data are correlated with mortality and symptomatic manifestations of intoxication. An electrochemical sensor was used in these experiments for biochemical examination of cholinesterases as a practical alternative Carfilzomib capable of providing unique data.

2.?Results and DiscussionAnimals were intoxicated with a wide range of paraoxon concentrations. Symptomatic manifestation was taken not only as a measure of successful intoxication, but also as a parameter subsequently correlated to the cholinesterase activity. Any resulting fast mortality was studied as another important parameter, but on the other hand, since animals were sacrificed after half an hour any pertinent mortality could not be evaluated after this interval and final mortality over a long term period could be quite different.