Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, within the fronto-striatal system, the cortical frontal regions are more ARS-1620 crucial in script retrieval and script sequencing than the

basal ganglia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background/Aims: Formation of intimal hyperplasia following angioplastic procedures can lead to complications, including restenosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. The vessel wall media is a main source of neointimal cells. However, evidence suggests that there are additional cell sources, such as the adventitia. Here we investigate whether an extensive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media results in less intimal hyperplasia or if there is compensatory cell recruitment from the adventitia. Methods: A balloon

catheter was pulled through the rabbit carotid artery 4 times (major injury) or 2 times (minor injury). Adventitial cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine or PKH26. Results: The major injury, but not the minor injury, resulted in a complete loss of VSMCs in large parts of the media and significant leukocyte infiltration. The major injury resulted in less neointima compared with the minor injury. The thinnest neointima was seen at the most injured parts find more of the media in the major injury group. Cell-tracking experiments showed that the media, but not the adventitia, served as a source of neointimal cells. Conclusion: An augmented angioplastic injury with extensive VSMC loss in rabbits reduced the degree of intimal hyperplasia. No compensatory recruitment of neointimal cells from the adventitia occurred. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG,

Basel”
“Individuals born very preterm (VPT) are at risk of neurodevelopmental damage and of adverse educational outcomes in childhood and adolescence. The present study used voxel-based morphometry to investigate the association between grey matter and white matter volume and measures of language and executive functioning in VPT born adolescents and term-born controls by gender. VPT individuals (N = 218) and controls (N = 127) underwent neuropsychological assessment and MRI at age LDN-193189 14-15 as part of a longitudinal study. Differential associations were found between spelling scores and frontal regional grey matter volume when group (VPT and control) and gender (males and females) were investigated. A main effect of group demonstrated a weaker association in VPT adolescents relative to controls between grey matter volume in the left medial and right superior frontal gyri and spelling scores. A main effect of gender revealed spelling scores to be correlated with grey matter volume in the right superior frontal gyrus in females to a greater extent than in males. Furthermore, a significant interaction between group and gender was detected in two regions.