Tumor volume reduction (. 50%) was associated with a single metastasis (P =.012), no previous WBRT (P =.002), selleck chemicals llc and a tumor volume, 16 cm 3 (P =.002). The better peritumoral edema volume reduction (. 50%) was associated with a single metastasis (P =.024), no previous WBRT (P =.05), and breast cancer histology (P =.044).

CONCLUSION: Surgical resection remains the primary approach for larger brain metastases if feasible. Tumor volume is a better indicator than maximum diameter. Tumor volume and edema responded better in patients who underwent SRS alone.”
“The 9-aminoacridine (9AA) derivative quinacrine (QC)

has a long history of safe human use as an anti-protozoal and antirheumatic agent. QC intercalates into DNA and RNA and can inhibit DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis. The extent of QC intercalation into RNA depends on the complexity of its secondary and tertiary structure. Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) that are required for initiation of translation of some viral and cellular mRNAs typically

have complex structures. Recent work has shown that some intercalating drugs, including QC, are capable of inhibiting hepatitis C virus IRES-mediated translation click here in a cell-free system. Here, we show that QC suppresses translation directed by the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and poliovirus IRESs in a cell-free system and in virus-infected HeLa cells. In contrast, IRESs present in the mammalian p53 transcript that are predicted to have less-complex structures were not sensitive to QC. Inhibition of IRES-mediated translation by QC correlated with the affinity of binding between QC and the particular IRES. Expression of viral capsid proteins, replication of viral RNAs, and production of virus were all strongly inhibited by QC (and 9AA). These results suggest that QC and similar intercalating drugs could potentially be used for treatment of viral infections.”
“BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents at least 15% of

all strokes in the Western population and a considerably higher proportion at 50% to 60% in the Oriental population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate selleck compound whether administration of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) overexpressing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) provides more efficient neuroprotection for rats with ICH and neurons exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation.

METHODS: Primary rat BMSCs were transfected with rat GDNF gene using virus vector (GDNF/BMSCs) and blank virus plasmid (BVP/BMSCs). Primary rat cortical neurons of rats were exposed to hypoxia and then reoxygenated with GDNF/BMSCs (GDNF/BMSCs group) or BVP/BMSCs (BMSCs group) treatment for 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. GDNF/BMSCs, BVP/BMSCs, and saline (GDNF/BMSCs, BMSCs, and control groups) were injected into the right striatum 3 days after rat ICH induced by injecting collagenase.