Lifestyle Apart from alcohol and smoking (38), other lifestyle factors have also been associated with the risk of developing Selleck Abiraterone colorectal cancer. Higher levels of physical activity have been reported to reduce risk by up to 40% and several studies have reported adverse outcomes in patients who are obese (209-211), suffer from diabetes (209,212) or use the oral contraceptive pill (213). Non-modifiable factors which may increase

the risk include higher body height (38,214), post-menopausal Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical status (213,215) and endogenous oestrogen exposure (215). Discussion/conclusions There is an abundance of evidence in the literature on the role of nutrition on colorectal carcinogenesis. Often the evidence may be inconclusive due to the lack of randomized trials and because many studies have been overwhelmed by confounding factors such as smoking status, physical activity, obesity and diabetes. Many studies were influenced by possible recall and selection

biases, which make it difficult to draw solid conclusions. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical In this review, we set out to identify nutritional factors that could play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. Red or processed meats especially when cooked at high temperatures should be limited and can be replaced by the consumption of white meat and fish. Diets high in n-3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, folate, vitamin D, calcium and polyphenols may protect against colorectal cancer and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical colorectal adenoma formation. The consumption of alcohol is not advocated. The role of probiotics and prebiotics is not completely clear but in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted a possible protective role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis. Acknowledgements Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of interest.
A 55 year-old Caucasian male presented to his family practitioner with the complaint of a chronic cough and underwent a chest X-ray. The X-ray indicated a lung nodule and he was subsequently referred for a CT of the chest. This revealed no lung parenchymal

abnormalities. However, a mass in the tail of the pancreas was incidentally found. A pancreas protocol CT 3 mm Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical slice three phase was ordered which showed a 2.6 cm × 2.4 cm enhancing mass in the tail of the pancreas close to, but not 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase involving the splenic artery and vein. No pancreatic ductal dilation or adenopathy was noted (Figure 1). Based on these findings, the patient was referred to multidisciplinary clinic and surgical oncology. Figure 1 CT of pancreas demonstrating IPAS in body/tail Upon this presentation, the patient was asymptomatic. His medical history included a remote history of seizures and well-controlled hypertension. He had had no prior surgeries. His family history included prostate and breast cancer at ages greater than 50. On physical examination, he was afebrile with stable vital signs, no significant adenopathy, and no abdominal findings. Lab results indicated normal AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase values, a CEA of 0.