Nasopharyngeal

aspirates were systematically tested for s

Nasopharyngeal

aspirates were systematically tested for several respiratory viruses. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hMPV-infected children were compared to those of patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other viral (OTH) infections.\n\nResults. A total of 374 children were enrolled in this study. Viral investigations detected 22 (6 %) hMPV infections, 177 (47 %) RSV infections, and 175 (47 %) presumed or demonstrated other viruses. The hMPV infection had a seasonal peak in December, similar to RSV, and was uncommon after January. Most of the patients infected with hMPV were under 1 year of age and bronchiolitis was the predominant diagnosis in 90 % of these patients with clinical symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection. The severity of the disease, estimated from the PXD101 requirement of respiratory or nutritional assistance, was similar to those of RSV patients, but was higher than those in the OTH group. hMPV was more frequently detected in patients with chronic pathology, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart defect, or neuromuscular disorders, and in patients who had been previously admitted for bronchiolitis.\n\nConclusion. These results highlight that hMPV plays an important role in seasonal acute respiratory tract infections in children during winter, with a severity

similar to RSV infections. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson

SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Three major objectives characterize the current trend in intensive agriculture: pest control, environmentally safe measures and Nocodazole in vivo consumer demand for, among other things, pesticide-free products. Therefore, the main goal in pest-management research is to improve pesticide application technology for its effective action and rapid dissipation from crop tissues. Air-assisted selleckchem spraying technology that makes use of fine droplet size and low volumes is an effective way of depositing the spray on both the upper and under sides of leaves. Application of pesticides with aerosol generators (foggers) and other sprayers has shown practical and effective control of insects, mites and foliar pathogens in various field and tree crops. Moreover, effective control is achieved even when pesticide rates are significantly reduced. Soil disinfestation is the most effective tool for knocking out inoculum in soil, but it has to be accompanied by additional measures in the framework of integrated pest management. Research into exploiting soil solarization by combining it with reduced doses of permitted fumigants, or other tools, is expected to produce the most promising approaches. Furthermore, a sublethal dosage of fumigant in combination with solarization, or other pest-management methods, can provide a reasonable solution to many of today’s problems.

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